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  Gradient Descent algorithm and its variants Difficulty Level :   Easy Last Updated :   15 Feb, 2023 Read Discuss Courses Practice Video Gradient descent is a powerful optimization algorithm used to minimize the loss function in a machine learning model. It’s a popular choice for a variety of algorithms, including linear regression, logistic regression, and neural networks. In this article, we’ll cover what gradient descent is, how it works, and several variants of the algorithm that are designed to address different challenges and provide optimizations for different use cases. What is Gradient Descent? Gradient descent is an optimization algorithm that is used to minimize the loss function in a machine learning model. The goal of gradient descent is to find the set of weights (or coefficients) that minimize the loss function. The algorithm works by iteratively adjusting the weights in the direction of the steepest decrease in the loss function. How does Gradient Descent...
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INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

 UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS Structure 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Objectives 1.2 Meaning of Statistics 1.2.1 Statistics in Singular Sense 1.2.2 Statistics in Plural Sense 1.2.3 Definition of Statistics 1.3 Types of Statistics 1.3.1 On the Basis of Function 1.3.2 On the Basis of Distribution of Data 1.4 Scope and Use of Statistics 1.5 Limitations of Statistics 1.6 Distrust and Misuse of Statistics 1.7 Let Us Sum Up 1.8 Unit End Questions 1.9 Glossary 1.10 Suggested Readings 1.0 INTRODUCTION The word statistics has different meaning to different persons. Knowledge of statistics is applicable in day to day life in different ways. In daily life it means general calculation of items, in railway statistics means the number of trains operating, number of passenger’s freight etc. and so on. Thus statistics is used by people to take decision about the problems on the basis of different type of quantitative and qualitative information available to them. However, in behavioural sciences, the ...
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General Statistical Models

  General Statistical Models The time has come to learn some theory. This is a preview of STAT 5101–5102. We don’t need to learn much theory. We will proceed with the general strategy of all introductory statistics: don’t derive anything, just tell you stuff. 3.1  Probability Models 3.1.1  Kinds of Probability Theory There are two kinds of probability theory. There is the kind you will learn in STAT 5101-5102 (or 4101–4102, which is more or less the same except for leaving out the multivariable stuff). The material covered goes back hundreds of years, some of it discovered in the early 1600’s. And there is the kind you would learn in MATH 8651–8652 if you could take it, which no undergraduate does (it is a very hard Ph. D. level math course). The material covered goes back to 1933. It is all “new math”. These two kinds of probability can be called  classical  and  measure-theoretic , respectively. The old kind (classical) is still very useful. For every 100...
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